Antibiotics: when they work and when they don’t

Antibiotics: An Explanation of Their Use and Limitations

Antibiotics are a powerful class of drugs that can be utilized to cure various infectious diseases. However, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics can have adverse effects, including the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Understanding when antibiotics are needed versus when they are not is essential for safeguarding your health and that of your loved ones.

Do antibiotics have a broad spectrum of efficacy against infectious diseases?

In short, no. Antibiotics only work against bacterial infections and are not useful in the treatment of viral infections, such as those responsible for coughs and sore throats. Viruses cause most respiratory tract infections, which typically resolve on their own over time.

What is bacterial resistance, and how does it arise?

Typically, antibiotics eradicate bacteria or halt their growth and reproduction. However, certain bacteria develop a resistance to antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. This resistance develops more quickly when antibiotics are overused or not used appropriately.

Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria may be treatable with antibiotics to which the bacteria have not developed resistance. However, these drugs are typically administered intravenously and only in a medical setting. Some forms of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are entirely untreatable.

Regarding Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing

What measures can you take to protect yourself and your loved ones?

Do not assume that antibiotics are a panacea for all infectious diseases. Avoid using antibiotics for conditions such as colds and flu, which are generally caused by viruses. In many cases, the best course of action is to allow the disease to run its course. In instances where symptoms persist or worsen after two weeks, seek medical attention.

How can you determine if antibiotics are necessary?

The answer to this question depends on the cause of your ailment. Some basic guidelines include:

• Colds and flu: These illnesses are viral and are not amenable to antibiotic treatment.
• Cough and bronchitis: These are frequently viral infections. However, if you have an underlying lung condition or a prolonged illness, a bacterial infection may be the cause, and antibiotics may be required.
• Sore throat: Viruses typically cause most sore throats, and antibiotics are unnecessary. However, acute pharyngitis, caused by bacterial infection, requires a laboratory analysis before the administration of antibiotics.
• Ear infections: Various types of ear infections exist, and antibiotics may be necessary for some (but not all) types.
• Sinus infections: Antibiotics are a standard treatment for sinus infections. However, symptoms such as nasal congestion, yellow or green nasal discharge do not always indicate a need for antibiotic therapy.